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How to Cite
Khudai Khidmatgars’ Resistance against Colonial Rule and its Search for Affiliation
Abstract
The people of North-West Frontier Province (N-WFP) suffered a worst kind of humiliation for gaining political and constitutional rights from British India. The Russian threat compelled the British to manage the affairs of N-WF from a security perspective. Viceroy Lord Curzon separated N-WFP from Punjab in 1901. The Pashtuns as part of Indian nation demanded rights and stood against British atrocities during Khilafat and Hijrat Movements. The Pashtun even started the non-violent Khudai Khidmatgars (God’s Servants) Movement (KKM) as a social movement under the leadership of Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan. The British perceived it as inimical to its own interest, thus making the movement a torch-bearer of resistance in the province. As a movement of Pashtuns in a single province, it could not alone withstand the British Raj, for which it needed an all-India level political support of either All-India Muslim League (AIML) or All-India National Congress (AINC) which culminated in the affiliation with the latter. The present study endeavors to answer the questions that what kind of a resistance KKM put against the British colonial rule and why it made a quest for affiliation with a party at All-India level?
Authors
Dr. Azmat Ullah
Assistant Professor, Department of History, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
Rabia Hayat
Ph. D Scholar, Department of History, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
Fahim Ullah Khan
M. Phil Pakistan Studies, M. Phil Pakistan Studies, Government College University Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
Keywords
Affiliation, Congress, Khudai Khidmatgars, Muslim League, Non-Violence, N-WFP, Pashtuns
